• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Method for the measurement of the difference in the colour contents of two samples (1, 2) or of two component areas of a sample, in which method one or several sources of light (3 to 6) as well as one light detector (7) are used. According to the invention, both samples (1, 2), or component areas of a sample, are illuminated simultaneously and, from both samples (1, 2) or component areas of a sample, the light is passed simultaneously to the light detector (7). The lights to be measured from the samples (1, 2) or component areas of a sample are of different colours, as compared with each other, so that the light to be measured from the first sample or component area is absorbed weakly in the colouring agent and the light to be measured from the second sample or component area is absorbed strongly in the colouring agent. The colours of the lights to be measured from the samples (1, 2) or component areas of a sample are alternated with each other at an appropriate frequency, such as, e.g., at a frequency within the range of 1 c/s to 10,000 c/s. The AC signal given by the light detector (7) is used as the measure of the difference in the colour contents of the samples (1, 2) or component areas of a sample.
    公开号:SU1414328A3
    申请号:SU843706857
    申请日:1984-02-27
    公开日:1988-07-30
    发明作者:Харьюнмаа Ханну
    申请人:Лабсистемз Ой (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to optical measurements, namely, measurements of the difference in the color content of two samples or two areas occupied by - components of the sample using one or more light sources and one light receiver.
    The aim of the invention is to increase the measurement accuracy.
    Figure 1 shows the measurement process in the study of localized redness of the blood due to increased blood circulation; Fig. 2 illustrates the measurement of the constituent parts of the sample during rotation of the device; FIG. 3 shows a scheme for implementing a method in which a color change takes place with the help of a second-mode prd-i filter; figure 4 - the color change occurs using a movable mirror; in FIG. 3, the color change occurs by means of color chopping; 6 - stabilization of source I
    light and automatic balance adjustment.
    The method is carried out as follows.
    Two light beams of different color are used, i.e. rays of light whose wavelength range is limited in such a way that their average wavelengths are different. Limiting the range of lengths i. waves are carried out, for example, using a filter, a grid or a prism. One of the external surfaces of the specimens is the test surface, and the other is the reference surface. Both surfaces are illuminated simultaneously, one by the light of the same color and the other by the light of a different color, and the light reflected from both surfaces is incident on the light receiver simultaneously. The measurement geometry should be such that the angles of incidence and separation of light relative to the surface are different, i.e. Only diffusely reflected light can enter the light receiver. The colors of the light rays change with each other at an appropriate frequency, which is chosen so that both electrical and mechanical control are used. the color i of the light beam and the light receiver, as well as the corresponding electronics, such as amplifiers, could work reliably and accurately at a given frequency. Due to the linearity of the light receiver information about. the difference in reflection coefficients is preserved, and if the surfaces have different colors with respect to the two wavelengths used, i.e. . if the difference between the reflection coefficients of one surface for these two wavelengths is different with respect to the corresponding difference between the other surface, the light receiver generates a variable signal whose frequency is the same as the frequency of the color change and whose amplitude is proportional to the color difference of the surfaces. The measurement result does not depend on the darkness of the sample, i.e. from the neutral component of its absorption capacity. If one surface is white and the other surface is black, the signal does not overlap, since none of these surfaces contain a color component. The result also does not depend on the difference in the surface coverage.
    Limiting the range of wavelengths of the measuring color, i.e. The choice of color can also be carried out after the sample. In this case, the samples were illuminated with white light.
    In order for the darkening of the sample not to affect the measurement result, it is necessary to adjust the intensity of the light sources illuminating the sample to such a level that they form a sufficiently strong signal at the light emitter. The adjustment is performed in such a way that the white reference surface is placed in place of one sample, and the black reference surface is placed in place of another sample, or if bulk samples are used, the opaque reference sample is placed in place of one sample, and absolutely transparent, i.e. colorless, in place of another sample, and the light intensity is regulated either electrically or by means of a filter so that the variable signal of the light receiver becomes equal to the cool. The locations of the black and white or opaque and transparent reference samples are changed and the adjustment operation is repeated again.
    Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a device for examining localized redness of the skin as a result of increased blood circulation. There is a large absorption region within the range of 500 in the absorption spectrum of hemoglobin.
    3
    up to 600 nm, and at wavelengths longer than 600 nm, no significant absorption exists. The light reflected from areas 1 and 2 of the skin is measured. Four light emitting diodes (LEDs) 3-6 are used as light sources, of which two 3 and 4 are green and 5 and 6 are red. The maximum wavelength of green LEDs is 565 nm, and that of red LEDs is 635 nm. As a light receiver, a phototransistor 7 is used, on which light reflected from the two test sections 1 and 2 on the skin is incident.
    The control element 8 operates in such a way that each control region 1 and 2 is illuminated with one green and one red LED alternately, when the red LED illuminates one control region, the other control region is illuminated with green LED. The phototransistor AC signal is applied to amplifier 9, rectified and measured.
    The reflection coefficients of the test sections 1 and 2 under the red light are designated K, and Rg. and green




    light G, and G. The range of reflection coefficients from 0 to 100%. When the light sources 3, 4 and 5, 6 alternate alternately, the alternating current signal of the light emitter receiver 7 is proportional to the following equality
    or
    , + Cr1-1K2 + C, | i
    , -G, I, L

    and Hg is called H-indices, i.e. color index and can serve as a measure of skin hemoglobin content. It matters Oh when the skin is completely free of hemoglobin, and 100% when the skin is completely red from hemoglobin. The measurement described above represents the difference in the H-indices of the two control areas of the skin. If, for example, patch 1 is normal skin, then the measurement indicates the redness of patch 2..
    Obviously, separate green and red LEDs can be replaced.
    Others, which, according to the control commands received, could study either green or red light with sufficient brightness, in this case only two LEDs are required.
    Alternately changing colors can also be accomplished by alternately changing the positions of samples 1, 2 while the beams of light remain the same color. If samples 1, 2 are parts of the same surface 20 and this surface remains stationary, the positions of the samples can be alternately changed by rotating the optics of the device or the device itself by 180 ° (figure 2). If a
    0 5
    0
    five
    0
    five
    0
    five
    this rotation becomes a constant rotation, then the receiver produces a sinusoidal AC signal. If the color content of the surface has a constant gradient in the measurement area, the phase angle of the signal indicates the direction of the gradient.
    In FIG. 3, the light source is lamp 3. A rotating filter 10 consisting of two halves of different colors is placed between the samples and the lamp. The light reflected from samples 1 and 2 is incident on the receiver 7 of the sample radiation, whose alternating current signal is amplified in the amplifier 9, is rectified and measured.
    When measuring liquid samples (Fig. 4) of filters 11 and 12, one is transparent to light of a certain color, which is strongly absorbed by the color medium, and the other is light, which is weakly absorbed by the color medium. Filter 13 is a wedge-shaped neutral filter providing balance adjustment. The mirror 14 is a rotating interrupting mirror, which is thus positioned in relation to the beams of light, that whenever one of the beams of light is reflected by the mirror, the other beam passes through the opening. The mirror 15 directs the light through the opening of the interrupting mirror, making it parallel to the beam reflected from the interrupting mirror. The alternating current signal of the light emitting receiver 7 is fed to the amplifier 9, rectified and measured.
    The device in figure 5 is made using two-color filters and two
    light interrupters. Two two-color filters 16 and 17 of the same type pass a certain range of wavelengths and reflect other wavelengths. Wedge-shaped neutral filter 13 is used for balance adjustment. The switches 18 and 19 are in a fixed position relative to one another and rotate around one axis. Their relative position is such that whenever a filter passes light of one color, another filter passes light of a different color. The signal of the alternating current of the receiver 7 of the light radiation is supplied to the amplifier 9, rectified and measured.
    In the device of FIG. 6, the color of the light rays is selected using interference filters 21 and 22. These filters pass a narrow wavelength range, the average wavelength of which is selected when the filter is moved along the light beam. The light beam reflected from the samples is incident on the light emission receiver 7, whose AC signal is amplified at amplifier 9, is rectified and measured.
    To stabilize the light sources and for automatic balance adjustment, the samples are removed from the light rays after the light passes through each interference filter using luminous dividers 23. and 24. The rays pass through the teeth located on the edge of the rotating base and fall on the light emission receiver 25. The teeth have such a geometry that at any given time one and only one beam of light enters the receiver 25 of the light radiation. Thus, if the light emitting receiver 25 produces an alternating current signal, this means that, from the spectral sensitivity point of the light emitting receivers, the light intensities are not balanced. The signal from light receiver 25 is provided to control element 26, which changes the ratios of the lamps 3 and 4 in such a way that the alternating current signal becomes zero. For control, the alternating current signal of the light emitter receiver 25 can be rectified, for example, using a phase-sensitive detector, for which purpose
    0
    five
    0
    five
    0
    five
    0
    five
    0
    five
    receive a reference signal, for example, from a pair of light transceivers 27t. The component of the direct current signal of the receiver 25 is proportional to - the average value of the intensity of the light rays. By adjusting the brightness of the lamps 3 and 4 in one direction, the control element maintains the DC component of the signal of the receiver 25 at a constant value and thereby stabilizes the light intensity of the lamps. The spectral sensitivity of the light receivers 7 and 25 to be the same. (
    In the case of flat samples, if the balance adjustment is carried out by means of a black and white sample and if the receiver is completely linear, the DC component of the receiver signal at the balance adjustment is the exact equivalent of the light intensity of a single light beam. If two samples are present in the measurement, one of which is completely colorless and the other is saturated with color, so that it absorbs one of the colors used completely, then the alternating current signal is obtained so that its double amplitude is equal to the direct current component obtained balance adjustment. Thus, when carrying out a balance adjustment, it is possible to adjust the gain of the device to a level where the DC component of the receiver signal causes the display to be 100%. If the color component, even in pure nida, does not completely absorb any of the wavelengths, then the calibration can be carried out separately using a specific calibration sample.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    Formula of gain
    The measurement method is the difference in the color content of two samples or two areas occupied by the sample components, in which the samples light: the areas or areas occupied by the sample components direct the light fluxes from the samples or areas occupied by the sample components that have different colors. compared to other colors that are in different
    71414328
    degrees are absorbed by samples or areas occupied by the components of a sample, by one radiation receiver, the AC signal of which serves as a measure of the difference in color content, characterized in that, in order to improve accuracy, both samples or both areas occupied
    eight
    the components of the sample are illuminated simultaneously from both samples or areas occupied by the components of the sample, the light fluxes are directed simultaneously to the radiation receiver, while the colors of the measured light flux alternately alternate with the frequency of 1-10 Hz.
    fie.Z
    one
    fie.
    fie.b
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FI72391C|1987-05-11|
    IT8367696D0|1983-06-27|
    WO1984000211A1|1984-01-19|
    FI822305A0|1982-06-29|
    FI72391B|1987-01-30|
    DE3367120D1|1986-11-27|
    EP0112375B1|1986-10-22|
    IT1159428B|1987-02-25|
    DK85484D0|1984-02-21|
    EP0112375A1|1984-07-04|
    US4652136A|1987-03-24|
    JPS59501177A|1984-07-05|
    DK85484A|1984-02-21|
    FI822305L|1983-12-30|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB925798A|1960-08-30|1963-05-08|Linotype Machinery Ltd|Light intensity comparator|
    US3332313A|1962-04-02|1967-07-25|Du Pont|Apparatus for absorption spectra analysis|
    JPS4852611A|1971-11-05|1973-07-24|NL8400380A|1984-02-07|1985-09-02|Optische Ind De Oude Delft Nv|DEVICE FOR DETECTING COLOR DIFFERENCES.|
    JP2567601B2|1987-03-27|1996-12-25|サンスター技研株式会社|Method of inspecting coating state of coating agent|
    GB2214663B|1988-01-28|1992-01-22|Brother Ind Ltd|Pattern-matching sheet-joining machine|
    US5585626A|1992-07-28|1996-12-17|Patchen, Inc.|Apparatus and method for determining a distance to an object in a field for the controlled release of chemicals on plants, weeds, trees or soil and/or guidance of farm vehicles|
    US5793035A|1992-07-28|1998-08-11|Patchen, Inc.|Apparatus and method for spraying herbicide on weeds in a cotton field|
    US5542421A|1992-07-31|1996-08-06|Frederick Erdman Association|Method and apparatus for cardiovascular diagnosis|
    US5365924A|1992-07-31|1994-11-22|Frederick Erdman Association|Method and apparatus for non-invasive cardiovascular diagnosis|
    EP0624850A3|1993-05-10|1995-07-12|Jay F Hamlin|Interactive color harmonizing methods and systems.|
    US5833144A|1996-06-17|1998-11-10|Patchen, Inc.|High speed solenoid valve cartridge for spraying an agricultural liquid in a field|
    US5789741A|1996-10-31|1998-08-04|Patchen, Inc.|Detecting plants in a field by detecting a change in slope in a reflectance characteristic|
    US6567159B1|1999-10-13|2003-05-20|Gaming Analysis, Inc.|System for recognizing a gaming chip and method of use|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FI822305A|FI72391C|1982-06-29|1982-06-29|FOERFARANDE FOER MAETNING AV SKILLNADEN AV FAERGAEMNEHALT I PROV.|
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